1848 – California Gold Rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento.
1908 – The first Boy Scout troop is organized in England by Robert Baden-Powell.
1919 – Oral Roberts, American evangelist; founded Oral Roberts University and Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association (d. 2009) is born.
1933 – The 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, changing the beginning and end of terms for all elected federal offices.
1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference in Casablanca.
1946 – The United Nations General Assembly passes its first resolution to establish the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission.
1955 – Ira Hayes, American marine, member of the Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima (b. 1923) dies.
1971 – Bill W., American activist, co-founded of Alcoholics Anonymous (b. 1895) dies.
1978 – Soviet satellite Kosmos 954, with a nuclear reactor on board, burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over Canada's Northwest Territories. Only 1% is recovered.
1984 – The first Apple Macintosh goes on sale.
1986 – Voyager 2 passes within 81,500 kilometres (50,600 mi) of Uranus.
1986 – L. Ron Hubbard, American religious leader and author, founded the Church of Scientology (b. 1911) dies.
1989 – Ted Bundy, American serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, and necrophile who assaulted and murdered oover 30 young women and girls during the 1970s (b. 1946) dies.
1990 – Japan launches Hiten, the country's first lunar probe, the first robotic lunar probe since the Soviet Union's Luna 24 in 1976, and the first lunar probe launched by a country other than Soviet Union or the United States.
1993 – Thurgood Marshall, American lawyer and jurist, 32nd United States Solicitor General (b. 1908) dies.
2003 – The United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins operation.
2014 – The Philippines and the Bangsamoro agree to a peace deal that would help end the 45-year conflict.
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