1804 – Louisiana Purchase: In St. Louis, Missouri, a formal ceremony is conducted to transfer ownership of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States.
1846 – Edward Baker Lincoln, American son of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1850) is born.
1867 – Lillian Wald, pioneering nurse, founder of the Henry Street Settlement in New York (d. 1940) is born.
1876 – Alexander Graham Bell makes the first successful telephone call by saying "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you."
1906 – The Courrières mine disaster, Europe's worst ever, kills 1099 miners in Northern France.
1922 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested in India, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years in prison, only to be released after nearly two years for an appendicitis operation.
1928 – James Earl Ray, American assassin of Martin Luther King, Jr. (d. 1998) is born.
1933 – An earthquake in Long Beach, California kills 115 people and causes an estimated $40 million in damage.
1940 – Chuck Norris, American actor and martial artist is born.
1945 – The U.S. Army Air Force firebombs Tokyo, and the resulting conflagration kills more than 100,000 people, mostly civilians.
1957 – Osama bin Laden, Saudi Arabian terrorist, founded al-Qaeda (d. 2011) is born.
1963 – Rick Rubin, American record producer, founded Def Jam Recordings is born.
1968 – Vietnam War: Battle of Lima Site 85, concluding the 11th with largest single ground combat loss of United States Air Force members (12) during that war.
1969 – In Memphis, Tennessee, James Earl Ray pleads guilty to assassinating Martin Luther King, Jr. He later unsuccessfully attempts to retract his plea.
1970 – Vietnam War: Captain Ernest Medina is charged by the U.S. military with My Lai war crimes.
1974 – Biz Stone, American businessman, co-founded Twitter is born.
1977 – Rings of Uranus: Astronomers discover rings around Uranus.
1988 – Andy Gibb, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1958) dies.
2000 – The Nasdaq Composite stock market index peaks at 5132.52, signaling the beginning of the end of the dot-com boom.
2010 – Corey Haim, Canadian-American actor and producer (b. 1971) dies.
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