1820 – The Missouri Compromise is signed into law by President James Monroe. The compromise allows Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, brings Maine into the Union as a free state, and makes the rest of the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase territory slavery-free.
1834 – York, Upper Canada, is incorporated as Toronto.
1836 – Texas Revolution: Battle of the Alamo – After a thirteen-day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 187 Texas volunteers, including frontiersman Davy Crockett and colonel Jim Bowie, defending the Alamo are killed and the fort is captured.
1849 – Georg Luger, Austrian gun designer, designed the Luger pistol (d. 1923) is born.
1857 – The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.
1899 – Bayer registers "Aspirin" as a trademark.
1936 – Marion Barry, American lawyer and politician, 2nd Mayor of the District of Columbia (d. 2014) is born.
1943 – Norman Rockwell published Freedom from Want in the The Saturday Evening Post with a matching essay by Carlos Bulosan as part of the Four Freedoms series.
1951 – The trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg begins.
1967 – Joseph Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva defects to the United States.
1973 – Pearl S. Buck, American novelist, essayist, short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
dies.
1975 – For the first time the Zapruder film of the assassination of John F. Kennedy is shown in motion to a national TV audience by Robert J. Groden and Dick Gregory.
1981 – After 19 years of presenting the CBS Evening News, Walter Cronkite signs off for the last time.
1983 – The first United States Football League game is played.
1986 – Georgia O'Keeffe, American painter (b. 1887) dies.
1986 – Jake Arrieta, Chicago Cubs World Series star pitcher is born.
1992 – The Michelangelo computer virus begins to affect computers.
2007 – Ernest Gallo, American businessman, co-founded E & J Gallo Winery (b. 1909) dies.
2016 – Nancy Reagan, American actress, 42nd First Lady of the United States (b. 1921)
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