1806 – Construction is authorized of the Great National Pike, better known as the Cumberland Road, becoming the first United States federal highway.
1847 – Mexican–American War: United States forces led by General Winfield Scott take Veracruz after a siege.
1865 – American Civil War: Federal forces under Major General Philip Sheridan move to flank Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee as the Appomattox Campaign begins.
1867 – Cy Young, American baseball player and manager (d. 1955) is born.
1886 – John Pemberton brews the first batch of Coca-Cola in a backyard in Atlanta.
1918 – Sam Walton, American businessman, founded Walmart and Sam's Club (d. 1992) is born.
1941 – The North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement goes into effect at 03:00 local time.
1951 – Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage.
1957 – The New York, Ontario and Western Railway makes its final run, the first major U.S. railroad to be abandoned in its entirety.
1961 – The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, allowing residents of Washington, D.C., to vote in presidential elections.
1964 – Elle Macpherson, Australian model and actress is born.
1973 – Vietnam War: The last United States combat soldiers leave South Vietnam.
1974 – NASA's Mariner 10 becomes the first space probe to fly by Mercury.
1984 – The Baltimore Colts load its possessions onto fifteen Mayflower moving trucks in the early morning hours and transfer its operations to Indianapolis.
1999 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 10,000 mark (10,006.78) for the first time, during the height of the dot-com bubble.
2014 – The first same-sex marriages in England and Wales are performed.
2016 – Patty Duke, American actress (b. 1946) dies.
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