1804 – Louisiana Purchase: In St. Louis, Missouri, a formal ceremony is conducted to transfer ownership of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States.
1876 – Alexander Graham Bell makes the first successful telephone call by saying "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you."
1922 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested in India, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years in prison, only to be released after nearly two years for an appendicitis operation.
1945 – The U.S. Army Air Force firebombs Tokyo, and the resulting conflagration kills more than 100,000 people, mostly civilians.
1947 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 20 relating to Atomic Energy Commission is adopted.
1948 – Zelda Fitzgerald, American author, poet, and dancer (b. 1900) dies.
1957 – Osama bin Laden, Saudi Arabian terrorist, founded al-Qaeda (d. 2011) is born.
1968 – Vietnam War: Battle of Lima Site 85, concluding the 11th with largest single ground combat loss of United States Air Force members (12) during that war.
1969 – In Memphis, Tennessee, James Earl Ray pleads guilty to assassinating Martin Luther King, Jr. He later unsuccessfully attempts to recant.
1974 – Biz Stone, American businessman, co-founded Twitter is born.
1977 – Robin Thicke, American singer-songwriter and producer, is born.
1977 – Rings of Uranus: Astronomers discover rings around Uranus.
1983 – Carrie Underwood, American singer-songwriter and actress is born.
1984 – Olivia Wilde, American actress and producer is born.
1988 – Andy Gibb, Manx-Australian singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1958) dies.
2000 – The Nasdaq Composite stock market index peaks at 5132.52, signaling the beginning of the end of the dot-com boom.
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