1778 – American Revolutionary War: British troops abandon Philadelphia.
1816 – Hélène Napoleone Bonaparte, French daughter of Napoleon (d. 1907) is born.
1858 – Charles Darwin receives a paper from Alfred Russel Wallace that includes nearly identical conclusions about evolution as Darwin's own, prompting Darwin to publish his theory.
1873 – Susan B. Anthony is fined $100 for attempting to vote in the 1872 presidential election.
1923 – Checker Taxi puts its first taxi on the streets.
1928 – Aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly in an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean (she is a passenger; Wilmer Stultz is the pilot and Lou Gordon the mechanic).
1930 – Groundbreaking ceremonies for the Franklin Institute are held.
1936 – Barack Obama Sr., Kenyan economist (d. 1982) is born.
1939 – Lou Brock, American baseball player and sportscaster is born.
1940 – "Finest Hour" speech by Winston Churchill.
1942 – Paul McCartney, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Beatles, The Quarrymen, Wings, and The Fireman) is born.
1948 – Columbia Records introduces the long-playing record album in a public demonstration at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City.
1953 – A United States Air Force C-124 crashes and burns near Tachikawa, Japan, killing 129.
1971 – President Richard Nixon declares that illegal drugs are "public enemy number one", which becomes popularized as the "War on Drugs".
1983 – Space Shuttle program: STS-7, Astronaut Sally Ride becomes the first American woman in space.
1986 – Frances Scott Fitzgerald, American journalist and author (b. 1921) dies.
2011 – Clarence Clemons, American saxophonist and actor (E Street Band) (b. 1942) dies
2015 – Ralph J. Roberts, American businessman, co-founded Comcast (b. 1920) dies.
2015 – Danny Villanueva, American football player and broadcaster, co-founded Univision (b. 1937) dies.
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