1912 – Clara Barton, American nurse and humanitarian, founded the American Red Cross (b. 1821) dies.
1916 – Beverly Cleary, American author and librarian is born.
1927 – Rocksprings, Texas was hit by an F5 tornado that destroyed 235 of the 247 buildings in the town and killed 72 townspeople and injured 205; third deadliest tornado in Texas history.
1932 – Tiny Tim, American singer and ukulele player (d. 1996) is born.
1934 – The U.S. Auto-Lite strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers.
1940 – Herbie Hancock, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (Miles Davis Quintet) is born.
1945 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies while in office; Vice President Harry Truman, becomes President upon Roosevelt's death.
1947 – Tom Clancy, American historian and author (d. 2013) is born.
1947 – David Letterman, American comedian, actor, and talk show host is born.
1955 – The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
1977 – Philip K. Wrigley, American businessman, co-founded Lincoln Park Gun Club (b. 1894) dies.
1981 – The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia) takes place - the STS-1 mission.
1990 – Jim Gary's "Twentieth Century Dinosaurs" exhibition opens at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He is the only sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition there.
1992 – The Euro Disney Resort officially opens with its theme park Euro Disneyland. The resort and its park's name are subsequently changed to Disneyland Paris.
1999 – US President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a sexual harassment civil lawsuit.
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