1781 – Stamford Raffles, English politician, founded Singapore (d. 1826) is born.
1854 – In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the United States Republican Party is held.
1885 – Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies on Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
1892 – Three thousand eight hundred striking steelworkers engage in a day-long battle with Pinkerton agents during the Homestead Strike, leaving ten dead and dozens wounded.
1914 – Vince McMahon, Sr., American wrestling promoter, founded WWE (d. 1984) is born.
1921 – Nancy Reagan, American actress and activist, 42nd First Lady of the United States (d. 2016) is born.
1925 – Merv Griffin, American actor, singer, and producer, created Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! (d. 2007) is born.
1925 – Bill Haley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Bill Haley & His Comets) (d. 1981) is born.
1933 – The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played in Chicago's Comiskey Park. The American League defeated the National League 4–2.
1939 – Holocaust: The last remaining Jewish enterprises in Germany are closed.
1942 – Anne Frank and her family go into hiding in the "Secret Annexe" above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
1944 – Jackie Robinson refuses to move to the back of a bus, leading to a court-martial.
1944 – The Hartford circus fire, one of America's worst fire disasters, kills approximately 168 people and injures over 700 in Hartford, Connecticut.
1946 – George W. Bush, American businessman and politician, 43rd President of the United States is born.
1947 – The AK-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union.
1957 – Althea Gibson wins the Wimbledon championships, becoming the first black athlete to do so.
1957 – John Lennon and Paul McCartney meet for the first time, as teenagers at Woolton Fete, three years before forming the Beatles.
1971 – Louis Armstrong, American singer and trumpet player (b. 1901) dies.
1975 – 50 Cent, American rapper, producer, and actor (G-Unit) is born.
1979 – Kevin Hart, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter is born.
1986 – Davis Phinney becomes the first American cyclist to win a road stage of the Tour de France.
1998 – Roy Rogers, American cowboy, actor, and singer (b. 1911) dies.
1999 – U.S. Army private Barry Winchell dies from baseball-bat injuries inflicted on him in his sleep the previous day by a fellow soldier, Calvin Glover, for his relationship with transgender showgirl and former Navy Corpsman Calpernia Addams.
2013 – A Boeing 777 operating as Asiana Airlines Flight 214 crashes at San Francisco International Airport, killing three and injuring 181 of the 307 people on board.
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