The International Olympic Committee went for a familiar, trusted host, selecting Tokyo for the 2020 Games and signaling that playing it safe was preferable to more risky picks like Sochi and Rio.
With Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe reassuring IOC members on the Fukushima nuclear crisis, Tokyo defeated Istanbul 60-36 Saturday in the final round of secret voting. Madrid was eliminated earlier after an initial tie with Istanbul.
Tokyo, which hosted the 1964 Olympics, billed itself as the ''safe pair of hands'' at a time of global political and economic turmoil - a message that clearly resonated with the IOC.
With Madrid's bid dogged by questions over Spain's economic crisis and Istanbul handicapped by political unrest and the civil war in neighboring Syria, Tokyo offered the fewest risks.
''The certainty was a crucial factor - the certainty that they could deliver,'' IOC vice president Craig Reedie of Britain said.
The choice of Tokyo bucked the IOC's recent trend of taking chances on host cities - Sochi, Russia, for the 2014 Winter Games, Rio de Janeiro for the 2016 Olympics and Pyeongchang, South Korea, for the 2018 Winter Games.
Preparations for Sochi have been overshadowed by cost overruns, a record $51 billion budget, security worries and an international outcry over Russia's anti-gay legislation. There are mounting concerns among the IOC over construction delays in Rio.
The IOC's desire for a reliable, dependable host in 2020 was a crucial factor for Tokyo.
''For better or worse, we picked Sochi followed by Rio followed by Pyeongchang,'' Canadian member Dick Pound said. ''Maybe we need to say, 'All right, whether it's the most exciting city in the world or not, they will deliver.'''
Tokyo had been on the defensive in the final days of the campaign because of mounting concerns over the leak of radioactive water from the tsunami-crippled Fukushima nuclear plant.
In the final presentation, Abe gave the IOC assurances that the Fukushima leak was not a threat to Tokyo and took personal responsibility for keeping the games safe.
''Let me assure you the situation is under control,'' Abe said. ''It has never done and will never do any damage to Tokyo.''
Abe gave further assurances when pressed on the issue by Norwegian IOC member Gerhard Heiberg.
''It poses no problem whatsoever,'' Abe said in Japanese, adding that the contamination was limited to a small area and had been ''completely blocked.''
''There are no health-related problems until now, nor will there be in the future,'' he said. ''I make the statement to you in the most emphatic and unequivocal way.''
IOC members said Abe's answers were critical and helped dispel any doubts.
''People wanted to hear it and needed to hear it,'' Pound said. ''And he delivered on that. I think that was a real knockout answer.''
Tokyo Electric Power Co., Fukushima's operator, has acknowledged that tons of radioactive water has been seeping into the Pacific from the plant for more than two years after the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami led to meltdowns at three of its reactors. Recent leaks from tanks storing radioactive water used to cool the reactors have added to fears that the amount of contaminated water is getting out of hand.
Tokyo's bid benefited from Japan's large economy and link to Olympic sponsors. Asia offers a huge market for the IOC.
''There are a lot of commercial advantages for the IOC going to a country with the third-biggest GDP,'' Australian member John Coates said. ''And then compare that to the economic uncertainty facing Spain and the political unrest that Istanbul experienced a few months ago and more particularly the unrest at the Middle East at the moment.
''The IOC, we've taken the safe bet.''
Tokyo delegates in the hall screamed with joy, jumped in the air, hugged and waved small flags after Rogge opened a sealed envelope and read the words: ''The International Olympic Committee has the honor of announcing that the games of the 32nd Olympiad in 2020 are awarded to the city of Tokyo.''
Even though it was 5 a.m. Sunday in Japan, about 1,200 dignitaries and Olympic athletes who crowded into a convention hall in downtown Tokyo celebrated the news. Cheers of ''Banzai!'' filled the hall when the announcement was made.
In Istanbul's old city, a groan went through a gathering of hundreds of people.
In the first round, Istanbul and Madrid tied with 26 votes each. Tokyo had 42 votes, six short of a winning a majority. Istanbul then beat Madrid 49-45 in a tiebreak to advance to the final, which Tokyo won easily.
After Madrid lost the tiebreak, a deathly hush fell over a crowd that had assembled in the Spanish capital's Puerta de Alcala square and the music stopped.
''I am in shock,'' said Marta Castro, a housewife in the square. ''I thought that it was a tiebreaker to see which city won and it turns out that it was to see which lost, and Madrid went out first. How sad! I hadn't imagined it.''
In their final presentations, Madrid made its case as the least-expensive option and Istanbul spoke of the historic opportunity to bring the Olympics to a predominantly Muslim country for the first time.
Madrid, bidding for a third straight time, had seemed to have gained the most momentum in recent weeks despite Spain's economic crisis and 27 percent unemployment rate. The Madrid team claimed the games would pose no financial risk because most of the venues were already built.
The Turkish delegation pressed its case of taking the games to a city linking the continents of Europe and Asia.
With the civil war in Syria posing a major issue, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said selecting Turkey ''will send a very meaningful and strong message, not only to the world, but to our broader region.''
''At this critical moment, we would like to send a strong message of peace to the whole world from Istanbul,'' Erdogan said.
Madrid said 80 percent of its venues were ready and only $1.9 billion was needed for construction, a fraction of the other two bids.
''Madrid has perhaps the most reasonable and responsible financial foundation in recent Olympic history,'' Spanish Prime Minster Mariano Rajoy said. ''We can host the Olympics in 2020 with no risk to the Olympic movement.''
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