1593 – The Vatican opens the seven-year trial of scholar Giordano Bruno.
1731 – Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italian instrument maker, invented the Piano (b. 1655) dies.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Henry Knox's "noble train of artillery" arrives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1785 – The University of Georgia is founded, the first public university in the United States.
1825 – The U.S. Congress approves Indian Territory (in what is present-day Oklahoma), clearing the way for forced relocation of the Eastern Indians on the "Trail of Tears".
1880 – Thomas Edison receives the patent on the incandescent lamp.
1880 – Edward Middleton Barry, English architect and academic, co-designed the Halifax Town Hall and the Royal Opera House (b. 1830) dies.
1901 – Art Rooney, American football player and coach, founded the Pittsburgh Steelers (d. 1988) is born.
1919 – Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor, created Alvin and the Chipmunks (d. 1972) is born.
1951 – Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site begins with Operation Ranger.
1964 – Bridget Fonda, American actress is born.
1967 – Astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee are killed in a fire during a test of their Apollo 1 spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
1967 – The United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union sign the Outer Space Treaty in Washington, D.C., banning deployment of nuclear weapons in space, and limiting use of the Moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes.
2003 – The first selections for the National Recording Registry are announced by the Library of Congress.
2004 – Jack Paar, American talk show host and author (b. 1918) dies.
2010 – J. D. Salinger, American soldier and author (b. 1919) dies.
2013 – 242 people die in a nightclub fire in the Brazilian city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul.
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