1660 – Mary Dyer is hanged for defying a law banning Quakers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1779 – Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, is court-martialed for malfeasance.
1792 – Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States.
1796 – Tennessee is admitted as the 16th state of the United States.
1801 – Brigham Young, American religious leader, 2nd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1877) is born.
1812 – War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.
1813 – James Lawrence, the mortally-wounded commander of the USS Chesapeake, gives his final order: "Don't give up the ship!"
1843 – Henry Faulds, Scottish physician and missionary, developed fingerprinting (d. 1930) is born.
1868 – James Buchanan, American lawyer and politician, 15th President of the United States (b. 1791) dies.
1872 – James Gordon Bennett, Sr., American publisher, founded the New York Herald (b. 1795) dies.
1890 – The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.
1907 – Frank Whittle, English soldier and engineer, developed the jet engine (d. 1996) is born.
1916 – Louis Brandeis becomes the first Jew appointed to the United States Supreme Court.
1926 – Marilyn Monroe, American model and actress (d. 1962) is born.
1926 – Andy Griffith, American actor, singer, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012) is born.
1927 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (b. 1860) dies.
1943 – British Overseas Airways Corporation Flight 777 is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s, killing the actor Leslie Howard and leading to speculation that its shooting down was an attempt to kill the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
1958 – Charles de Gaulle comes out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months.
1967 – Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles is released.
1974 – The Heimlich maneuver for rescuing choking victims is published in the journal Emergency Medicine.
1980 – Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting.
1980 – Arthur Nielsen, American businessman, founded the ACNielsen company (b. 1897) dies.
1990 – George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production.
2008 – Yves Saint Laurent, French fashion designer, founded Saint Laurent Paris (b. 1936) dies.
2009 – General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It is the fourth largest United States bankruptcy in history.
2011 – A rare tornado outbreak occurs in New England; a strong EF3 tornado strikes Springfield, Massachusetts, during the event, killing four people.
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