1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first Speaker.
1826 – Samuel Morey received a patent for a compressionless "Gas or Vapor Engine."
1833 – The Convention of 1833, a political gathering of settlers in Mexican Texas to help draft a series of petitions to the Mexican government, begins in San Felipe de Austin
1854 – Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine Household Words.
1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks. Union Army led by Philip Sheridan decisively defeated Confederate States Army led by George Pickett, leading to Breakthrough at Petersburg and Appomattox Campaign.
1883 – Lon Chaney, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1930) is born.
1889 – The University of Northern Colorado was established, as the Colorado State Normal School.
1891 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
1893 – The rank of Chief Petty Officer in the United States Navy is established.
1917 – Scott Joplin, American pianist and composer (b. 1868) dies.
1917 – Sydney Newman, Canadian screenwriter and producer, co-created Doctor Who (d. 1997) is born.
1924 – Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch". However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he writes Mein Kampf.
1924 – The Royal Canadian Air Force is formed.
1929 – Bo Schembechler, American football player and college coach (d. 2006) is born.
1945 – World War II: Operation Iceberg: United States troops land on Okinawa in the last major campaign of the war.
1954 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
1960 – The TIROS-1 satellite transmits the first television picture from space.
1967 – The United States Department of Transportation begins operation.
1970 – President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, requiring the Surgeon General's warnings on tobacco products and banning cigarette advertising on television and radio in the United States, starting on January 1, 1971.
1973 – Joe Francis, American businessman, founded Girls Gone Wild is born.
1976 – Apple Inc. is formed by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in Cupertino, California, USA.
1976 – Conrail takes over operations from six bankrupt railroads in the Northeastern U.S..
1984 – Marvin Gaye, American singer-songwriter (The Moonglows) (b. 1939) dies.
1986 – Hillary Scott, American singer-songwriter (Lady Antebellum) is born.
2004 – Google announces Gmail to the public.
2015 – Cynthia Lennon, English author; first wife of John Lennon (b. 1939) dies.
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